Grzenda,+J


 * __Income Level Vs Life Expectency__**
 * __Brainstorming__**


 * 1) is there a correlation between number of cars owned and polution produced?
 * 2) is there a correlation between income level and life expectency?
 * 3) is there a correlation between murders and larger populated areas?
 * 4) is there a correlation between income and childrens education?
 * 5) is there a correlation between education level and life expectancy?

Is there a correlation between the income level of people and the life expectancy of people. I will be analyising life expectency rates and income level rates.
 * __Proposal__**

Is there a positive correlation between income levels (independent) and life expectency (dependent) from the years 1996 to 2001 in Canada. -Dependent -life expectency -Independent -income levels I believe that life expectency and income level are positively correlated.People who earn a higher income will likely be more educated about situations such as injuries or sickness or other types of illness. Individuals who earn a higher income usually are better able to afford the health care such as prescription medication or other medical products not coverd by government plans. People with a higher income usually have a higher level of education and are more aware of where to and how to access health care. This would suggest that therefore these individuals would have better health outcomes.
 * __Question__**
 * __Variables__**
 * __Hypothesis__**

v1560774 Table 202-0802: Persons in low income; Canada; Low income cut-offs after tax, 1992 base; All persons (number of persons in low income - thousands)
 * __Raw Data__**

Annual v1560774 1996 4,397 1997 4,379 1998 4,031 1999 3,861 2000 3,743 2001 3,396 Source: Statistics Canada


 * Source**: Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 202-0802.

Stats Canada Views life expectency as >Life expectancy is the number of years a person would be expected to live, starting from birth (for life expectancy at birth) and similarly for other age groups, if the age- and sex-specific mortality rates for a given observation period (such as a calendar year) were held constant over the estimated life span.The estimates are based on three consecutive years of death data and the population estimate of the middle year.

v20717323 Table 102-0218: Life expectancy, by age group, three-year average; Canada [00]; At birth; Both sexes; Life expectancy (years)

Occasional v20717323 1997 78.5 2001 79.5 Source: Statistics Canada sampling bias- every years data for life expectancy is taken from previous years deaths. This could be skewed from events such as H1N1 or other pandemics or illnesses.

__**Sampling techniques**__- Life expectancy  is calculated by Greville's method for abridged life tables, using annual mortality rates with five-year age groupings of population and mortality rates. The educational information was gathered by Stats Canada using the cenus survey.

I will be looking at Income level (independent) over the time span from 1996 to 2001 within Canada's population.
 * __One Variable Analysis__**


 * Source**: Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 202-0802.

I will be looking at Income level (independent) vs Life expectency (dependent) in Canada's population from 1996 to 2001.
 * __Two Variable Analysis__**

Statistics Canada Views Health-adjusted life expectancy as--->Health -adjusted life expectancy is a more comprehensive indicator than that of life expectancy because it introduces the concept of quality of life. Health-adjusted life expectancy is the number of years in full health that an individual can expect to live given the current morbidity and mortality conditions. Health-adjusted life expectancy uses the Health Utility Index (HUI) to weigh years lived in good health higher than years lived in poor health. Thus, health-adjusted life expectancy is not only a measure of quantity of life but also a measure of quality of life.

v28463427 Table 102-0121: Health-adjusted life expectancy, at birth and at age 65; Canada; At birth; Males; Income group, tercile 1 (lowest); Health-adjusted life expectancy (years) v28463447 Table 102-0121: Health-adjusted life expectancy, at birth and at age 65; Canada; At birth; Females; Income group, tercile 1 (lowest); Health-adjusted life expectancy (years)

Occasional v28463427 v28463447 2001 65.8 69.1


 * Source**: Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 102-0121.

v28463432 Table 102-0121: Health-adjusted life expectancy, at birth and at age 65; Canada; At birth; Males; Income group, tercile 2 (middle); Health-adjusted life expectancy (years) v28463452 Table 102-0121: Health-adjusted life expectancy, at birth and at age 65; Canada; At birth; Females; Income group, tercile 2 (middle); Health-adjusted life expectancy (years)

Occasional v28463432 v28463452 2001 68.6 70.8


 * Source**: Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 102-0121.

v28463437 Table 102-0121: Health-adjusted life expectancy, at birth and at age 65; Canada; At birth; Males; Income group, tercile 3 (highest); Health-adjusted life expectancy (years) v28463457 Table 102-0121: Health-adjusted life expectancy, at birth and at age 65; Canada; At birth; Females; Income group, tercile 3 (highest); Health-adjusted life expectancy (years)

Occasional v28463437 v28463457 2001 70.5 72.3


 * Source**: Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 102-0121.

With these the tercile groups lowest, middle and highest income we can see that the Health-adjusted life expectancy changes for each income tercile.


 * __Correlation__**


 * Source**: Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 102-0121.
 * Source**: Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 102-0121.


 * Source**: Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 102-0121.

All three graphs state that the correlation coefficiant between Health adjusted life expectancy and income for all three terciles is .20. Because .20 is greater than 0 it is a positive correlation. Because the correlation value is less than 1 and closer to 0 it reflects a more points that are sccattterd around the regression line. Therefore making it a weak correalation. With a correlation of .20 life expectency and income level are weakly positvely correlated. The two variables have a weak positive correlation because not everyone with a higher level of income will live longer and not everyone with a lower level of income will die sooner.
 * __Conculsion__**

Statistics Canada. Health Reports (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82-003) 2002. Available at [|http://www.statscan.ca]. Accessed on December 4, 2009.
 * __Sources__**

Statistics Canada. //Table 102-0121 - Health-adjusted life expectancy, at birth and at age 65, by sex and income group, Canada and provinces, occasional (years)// (graph), CANSIM (database), Using E-STAT (distributor). [] (accessed: December 23, 2009)

Statistics Canada. //Table 102-0218 - Life expectancy, abridged life table, by age group and sex, three-year average, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions and peer groups, occasional (years)// (graph), CANSIM (database), Using E-STAT (distributor). [] (accessed: December 23, 2009)

Statistics Canada. //Table 202-0802 - Persons in low income, annual// (graph), CANSIM (database), Using E-STAT (distributor). [] (accessed: December 23, 2009)